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Thread, spider or red thread veins of the legs are a common problem which mostly affect women. These small veins can form anywhere on the leg from the top of the thigh to the ankle. While these veins pose no major health problems, they can cause discomfort and be unsightly. Microsclerotherapy can correct these unwanted thread veins and is 60 - 80% effective.
It is a procedure in which a specially trained doctor or nurse injects a small amount of an irritant solution using a very fine needle into the thread veins. The solution displaces the blood within the vein causing it to turn white. It also irritates the vein making it swell and close, thus stopping blood from re-entering it. Research has shown that wearing compression hosiery following the procedure for a short while enhances and optimises the results. The treated veins may disappear within two weeks to two months. More than one treatment is usually needed, although most thread veins can be treated over a course of three to four sessions, each taking about 30 minutes. For very extensive thread veins a maximum of six treatments could be necessary but rarely more.
There is a little minor discomfort with a very slight burning sensation or irritation but this soon disappears.
Most patients have no side effects. However some have been reported and include slightly raised areas at the injection sites that heal within a day or two, and temporary bruising around the treated areas which usually resolve rapidly. Very rarely, a small dark area of pigmentation resembling a freckle may remain. These spots usually resolve in time and respond to bleaching agents. The development of tiny networks of fine red vessels near the injection site of larger vessels can occur. Most resolve spontaneously. Allergic reactions to the solution are rare and easily treated.
The reason why some people are affected and others are not is unknown. There are though some predisposing factors. Heredity seems to play a part. Injury to the legs and long periods of standing are causative factors. In addition, more women than men seem to develop this condition as a result of pregnancy or hormones.
The use of support hose, weight control and exercise may be beneficial.
Thread veins may recur. It may seem that a previously injected vein has recurred, whereas in fact a new thread vein has appeared in the same area.
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